| NOTES E: CONCEPT 15 AND TERMS TEST III |
| Body Composition refers to the relative percentage of muscle,
fat, bone & other tissue of the body. ESSENTIAL FAT=minimal amount of
fat for good health. Fat is necessary for temperature regulation, shock
absorption, & regulation of essential body nutrients (vitamins A,D,E.&K).
NONESSENTIAL FAT=fat above essential fat levels. Overfat is more important
than overweight in making decisions about health & wellness. There
are many ways to assess body fatness. Underwater weighing (HYRODSTATIC
WEIGHING) is one of the best methods. Other methods include skinfold
measurements, bioelectrical impedance & x-rays. THE BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) is considered to be a better measure than height-weight charts, but it has its limitations. THE WAIST-TO-HIP RATIO is a body circumference measurement technique that can be used in determining health risk. Upper body fatness (from the waist up) produces a greater health risk than lower body fatness (from the waist down). A high ratio between the waist and hip has been shown to be correlated with a high incidence of heart attack, stroke, breast cancer, & death. Excessive abdominal fat and excessive fatness of the upper body can increase the risk of various diseases. PRIMARY RISK FACTORS FOR HEART DISEASE: obesity, high blood lipids, high blood pressure, tobacco use, and sedentary living. Excessive desire to be thin or low in body weight can result in health problems. The most common eating disorders are ANOREXIA NERVOSA, BULIMIA, & ANOREXIA ATHLETICA. ANOREXIA NERVOSA=severely restricting food intake. The anorexic has a distorted body image. A person starves themselves to death. BULIMIA=common characteristics are bingeing & purging. ANOREXIA ATHLETICA appears to be related to participation in sports such as ballet that emphasize excessive body leanness. Fatness early in life often leads to adult fatness. BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR)=your energy expenditure in a basic or rested state. Excess caloric intake results in an increase in fat cell size. When fat cells become excessively large, they can cause dimples or lumps under the skin (CELLULITE). All fat is lost as a result of reduction in fat cell size. A combination of regular physical activity & dietary restriction is the most effective means of losing body fat. To lose 1 pound of fat, you must expend 3,500 calories more than you normally expend, or eat 3,500 calories fewer than you normally eat (or do a combination of the two). There is increasing evidence that fat loss resulting from physical activity may be more lasting than fat loss from dieting. Inactivity is more often the cause of childhood obesity than overeating. If you exercise moderately for an extra 15 minutes a day, you will lose up to 10 pounds in a year. Strength training can be effective in maintaining a desirable body composition. Strength training increases muscle mass. This extra muscle mass expends extra calories at rest resulting in a higher metabolic rate. Exercise that can be sustained for relatively long periods (aerobic) is most effective for losing body fat. |
| TERMS TEST III
Amino Acids NOTE: to help lower your consumption of trans fatty acids check ingredients for partially hydrogenated vegetable oil or shortening., |